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Stable Knowledge Tracing Using Causal Inference | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Stable Knowledge Tracing Using Causal Inference


Abstract:

Knowledge tracing (KT) for evaluating students' knowledge is an essential task in personalized education. More and more researchers have devoted themselves to solving KT ...Show More

Abstract:

Knowledge tracing (KT) for evaluating students' knowledge is an essential task in personalized education. More and more researchers have devoted themselves to solving KT tasks, e.g., deep knowledge tracing (DKT), which can capture more sophisticated representations of student knowledge. Nonetheless, these techniques ignore the reconstruction of the observed input information. Therefore, this leads to poor predictions of students' knowledge, even if the student performed well in the past knowledge state. In this article, we first employ causal inference for explanatory analysis of KT, then propose a learning algorithm for stable KT based on the analysis outcomes. The proposed approach aims to achieve stable KT by constructing global balanced weights that facilitate estimating feature influence and assessing causal relationships between individual variables and outcome variables. We have proved the approach has effective in accuracy and interpretability through extensive experimentation on real-world datasets. In conclusion, this article has methodological implications for the stable assessment of students' knowledge and provides a reference for personalization and use of intelligence in the educational teaching process.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies ( Volume: 17)
Page(s): 124 - 134
Date of Publication: 05 April 2023

ISSN Information:

Funding Agency:

Author image of Jia Zhu
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
Jia Zhu received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, in 2013.
He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China, and the Deputy Director of the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University. His research interests include intelligent education, theoretica...Show More
Jia Zhu received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, in 2013.
He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China, and the Deputy Director of the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University. His research interests include intelligent education, theoretica...View more
Author image of Xiaodong Ma
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
Xiaodong Ma received the masters' degree in computer science and technology from South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, in 2022. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in education with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Her main research interests include artificial intelligence education, learning of science, federated learning, and blockchain.
Xiaodong Ma received the masters' degree in computer science and technology from South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, in 2022. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in education with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Her main research interests include artificial intelligence education, learning of science, federated learning, and blockchain.View more
Author image of Changqin Huang
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
Changqin Huang received a Ph.D. degree in computer science and technology from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2005.
He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China, a special Professor of Pearl River Scholars in Guangdong Province, and the Director of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Applications. His main research interests include ...Show More
Changqin Huang received a Ph.D. degree in computer science and technology from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2005.
He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China, a special Professor of Pearl River Scholars in Guangdong Province, and the Director of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Applications. His main research interests include ...View more

Author image of Jia Zhu
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
Jia Zhu received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, in 2013.
He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China, and the Deputy Director of the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University. His research interests include intelligent education, theoretical algorithms for database and data mining, federated learning, and blockchain with artificial intelligence.
Jia Zhu received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, in 2013.
He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China, and the Deputy Director of the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University. His research interests include intelligent education, theoretical algorithms for database and data mining, federated learning, and blockchain with artificial intelligence.View more
Author image of Xiaodong Ma
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
Xiaodong Ma received the masters' degree in computer science and technology from South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, in 2022. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in education with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Her main research interests include artificial intelligence education, learning of science, federated learning, and blockchain.
Xiaodong Ma received the masters' degree in computer science and technology from South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, in 2022. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in education with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Her main research interests include artificial intelligence education, learning of science, federated learning, and blockchain.View more
Author image of Changqin Huang
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
Changqin Huang received a Ph.D. degree in computer science and technology from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2005.
He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China, a special Professor of Pearl River Scholars in Guangdong Province, and the Director of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Applications. His main research interests include artificial intelligence education, data mining, Big Data, and artificial intelligence.
Dr. Huang is an Associate Editor for IEEE Transaction on Learning Technologies.
Changqin Huang received a Ph.D. degree in computer science and technology from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2005.
He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China, a special Professor of Pearl River Scholars in Guangdong Province, and the Director of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Applications. His main research interests include artificial intelligence education, data mining, Big Data, and artificial intelligence.
Dr. Huang is an Associate Editor for IEEE Transaction on Learning Technologies.View more
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