Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000012.xml
Endoscopy 2015; 47(04): 352-386
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1391855
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1391855
Guideline
Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline
Marco Pennazio
1
Division of Gastroenterology, San Giovanni Battista University Teaching Hospital, Turin, Italy
,
Cristiano Spada
2
Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
,
Rami Eliakim
3
Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Tel-Hashomer, Israel
,
Martin Keuchel
4
Klinik für Innere Medizin, Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf, Hamburg, Germany
,
Andrea May
5
Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
,
Chris J. Mulder
6
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Emanuele Rondonotti
7
Gastroenterology Unit, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy
,
Samuel N. Adler
8
Division of Gastroenterology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
,
Joerg Albert
9
Department of Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
,
Peter Baltes
4
Klinik für Innere Medizin, Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf, Hamburg, Germany
,
Federico Barbaro
2
Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
,
Christophe Cellier
10
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Paris, France
,
Jean Pierre Charton
11
Medizinische Klinik, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
,
Michel Delvaux
12
Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
,
Edward J. Despott
13
Royal Free Unit for Endoscopy and Centre for Gastroenterology, The Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London, UK
,
Dirk Domagk
14
Department of Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
,
Amir Klein
15
Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Ha’emek Medical Center Afula, Israel, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
,
Mark McAlindon
16
Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
,
Bruno Rosa
17
Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Guimarães, Portugal.
,
Georgina Rowse
18
Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield.
,
David S. Sanders
16
Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
,
Jean Christophe Saurin
19
Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
,
Reena Sidhu
16
Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
,
Jean-Marc Dumonceau
20
Gedyt Endoscopy Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina
,
Cesare Hassan
2
Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
21
Department of Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
,
Ian M. Gralnek
15
Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Ha’emek Medical Center Afula, Israel, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
› Author Affiliations
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
31 March 2015 (online)
This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). The Guideline was also reviewed and endorsed by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG). It addresses the roles of small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders.
Main recommendations
1 ESGE recommends small-bowel video capsule endoscopy as the first-line investigation in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence).
2 In patients with overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, ESGE recommends performing small-bowel capsule endoscopy as soon as possible after the bleeding episode, optimally within 14 days, in order to maximize the diagnostic yield (strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence).
3 ESGE does not recommend the routine performance of second-look endoscopy prior to small-bowel capsule endoscopy; however whether to perform second-look endoscopy before capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding or iron-deficiency anaemia should be decided on a case-by-case basis (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
4 In patients with positive findings at small-bowel capsule endoscopy, ESGE recommends device-assisted enteroscopy to confirm and possibly treat lesions identified by capsule endoscopy (strong recommendation, high quality evidence).
5 ESGE recommends ileocolonoscopy as the first endoscopic examination for investigating patients with suspected Crohn’s disease (strong recommendation, high quality evidence).
In patients with suspected Crohn’s disease and negative ileocolonoscopy findings, ESGE recommends small-bowel capsule endoscopy as the initial diagnostic modality for investigating the small bowel, in the absence of obstructive symptoms or known stenosis (strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence).
ESGE does not recommend routine small-bowel imaging or the use of the PillCam patency capsule prior to capsule endoscopy in these patients (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
In the presence of obstructive symptoms or known stenosis, ESGE recommends that dedicated small bowel cross-sectional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance enterography/enteroclysis or computed tomography enterography/enteroclysis should be used first (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
6 In patients with established Crohn’s disease, based on ileocolonoscopy findings, ESGE recommends dedicated cross-sectional imaging for small-bowel evaluation since this has the potential to assess extent and location of any Crohn’s disease lesions, to identify strictures, and to assess for extraluminal disease (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
In patients with unremarkable or nondiagnostic findings from such cross-sectional imaging of the small bowel, ESGE recommends small-bowel capsule endoscopy as a subsequent investigation, if deemed to influence patient management (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
When capsule endoscopy is indicated, ESGE recommends use of the PillCam patency capsule to confirm functional patency of the small bowel (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
7 ESGE strongly recommends against the use of small-bowel capsule endoscopy for suspected coeliac disease but suggests that capsule endoscopy could be used in patients unwilling or unable to undergo conventional endoscopy (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
-
References
- 1 Rey JF, Ladas S, Alhassani A et al. ESGE Guidelines Committee. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). Video capsule endoscopy: update to guidelines (May 2006). Endoscopy 2006; 38: 1047-1053
- 2 Ladas SD, Triantafyllou K, Spada C et al. ESGE Clinical Guidelines Committee. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE): recommendations (2009) on clinical use of video capsule endoscopy to investigate small-bowel, esophageal and colonic diseases. Endoscopy 2010; 42: 220-227
- 3 Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004; 328: 1490
- 4 Dumonceau JM, Hassan C, Riphaus A et al. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline Development Policy. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 626-629
- 5 Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A et al. American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1694-1696
- 6 Fisher L, Lee KM, Anderson MA et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72: 471-479
- 7 Bonnet S, Douard R, Malamut G et al. Intraoperative enteroscopy in the management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45: 277-284
- 8 Hartmann D, Schmidt H, Bolz G et al. A prospective two-center study comparing wireless capsule endoscopy with intraoperative enteroscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 61: 826-832
- 9 Tenembaum D, Sison C, Rubin M. Accuracy of community based video capsule endoscopy in patients undergoing follow up double balloon enteroscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 5: 154-159
- 10 Pennazio M, Santucci R, Rondonotti E et al. Outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after capsule endoscopy: report of 100 consecutive cases. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 643-653
- 11 Shishido T, Oka S, Tanaka S et al. Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy vs. double-balloon endoscopy for patients who have undergone total# enteroscopy with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Hepatogastroenterology 2012; 59: 955-959
- 12 Teshima CW, Kuipers EJ, van Zanten SV et al. Double balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: an updated meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26: 796-801
- 13 Liao Z, Gao R, Xu C et al. Indications and detection, completion, and retention rates of small-bowel capsule endoscopy: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 280-286
- 14 Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI et al. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 2407-2418
- 15 Pasha SF, Leighton JA, Das A et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy have comparable diagnostic yield in small-bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6: 671-676
- 16 Chen X, Ran ZH, Tong JL. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with small bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 4372-4378
- 17 Lepileur L, Dray X, Antonietti M et al. Factors associated with diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding by video capsule enteroscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10: 1376-1380
- 18 Carey EJ, Leighton JA, Heigh RI et al. A single-center experience of 260 consecutive patients undergoing capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 89-95
- 19 Sidhu R, Sanders DS, Kapur K et al. Factors predicting the diagnostic yield and intervention in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding investigated using capsule endoscopy. J Gastrointest Liver Dis 2009; 18: 273-278
- 20 Shahidi NC, Ou G, Svarta S et al. Factors associated with positive findings from capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10: 1381-1385
- 21 Katsinelos P, Chatzimavroudis G, Terzoudis S et al. Diagnostic yield and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding during routine clinical practice: a single-center experience. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20: 60-65
- 22 Bresci G, Parisi G, Bertoni M et al. The role of video capsule endoscopy for evaluating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: usefulness of early use. J Gastroenterol 2005; 40: 256-259
- 23 Singh A, Marshall C, Chaudhuri B et al. Timing of video capsule endoscopy relative to overt obscure GI bleeding: implications from a retrospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77: 761-766
- 24 Leighton JA, Triester SL, Sharma VK. Capsule endoscopy: a meta-analysis for use with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and Crohn’s disease. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2006; 16: 229-250
- 25 de Leusse A, Vahedi K, Edery J et al. Capsule endoscopy or push enteroscopy for first-line exploration of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding?. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 855-862
- 26 Shim KN, Moon JS, Chang DK et al. Guideline for capsule endoscopy: obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Endosc 2013; 46: 45-53
- 27 Gay G, Delvaux M, Fassler I. Outcome of capsule endoscopy in determining indication and route for push-and-pull enteroscopy. Endoscopy 2006; 38: 49-58
- 28 Li X, Chen H, Dai J et al. Predictive role of capsule endoscopy on the insertion route of double-balloon enteroscopy. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 762-766
- 29 Laine L, Sahota A, Shah A. Does capsule endoscopy improve outcomes in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding? Randomized trial versus dedicated small bowel radiography. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 1673-1680
- 30 Leung WK, Ho SS, Suen BY et al. Capsule endoscopy or angiography in patients with acute overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective randomized study with long-term follow-up. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107: 1370-1376
- 31 Saperas E, Dot J, Videla S et al. Capsule endoscopy versus computed tomographic or standard angiography for the diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 731-737
- 32 Agrawal JR, Travis AC, Mortele KJ et al. Diagnostic yield of dual-phase computed tomography enterography in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and a non-diagnostic capsule endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27: 751-759
- 33 Zhang BL, Jiang LL, Chen CX et al. Diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal hemorrhage with capsule endoscopy in combination with multiple-detector computed tomography. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25: 75-79
- 34 Hara AK, Leighton JA, Sharma VK et al. Small bowel: preliminary comparison of capsule endoscopy with barium study and CT. Radiology 2004; 230: 260-265
- 35 Huprich JE, Fletcher JG, Fidler JL et al. Prospective blinded comparison of wireless capsule endoscopy and multiphase CT enterography in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiology 2011; 260: 744-751
- 36 Rajesh A, Sandrasegaran K, Jennings SG et al. Comparison of capsule endoscopy with enteroclysis in the investigation of small bowel disease. Abdom Imaging 2009; 34: 459-466
- 37 Khalife S, Soyer P, Alatawi A et al. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: preliminary comparison of 64-section CT enteroclysis with video capsule endoscopy. Eur Radiol 2011; 21: 79-86
- 38 Voderholzer WA, Ortner M, Rogalla P et al. Diagnostic yield of wireless capsule enteroscopy in comparison with computed tomography enteroclysis. Endoscopy 2003; 35: 1009-1014
- 39 Wiarda BM, Heine DG, Mensink P et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance enteroclysis and capsule endoscopy with balloon-assisted enteroscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 668-673
- 40 Tanaka S, Mitsui K, Yamada Y et al. Diagnostic yield of double-balloon endoscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68: 683-691
- 41 Sidhu R, McAlindon ME, Kapur K et al. Push enteroscopy in the era of capsule endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 42: 54-58
- 42 Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A et al. American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1697-1717
- 43 Pennazio M, Arrigoni A, Risio M et al. Clinical evaluation of push-type enteroscopy. Endoscopy 1995; 27: 164-170
- 44 Jeon SR, Kim JO. Deep enteroscopy: which technique will survive?. Clin Endosc 2013; 46: 480-485
- 45 Lenz P, Roggel M, Domagk D. Double- vs. single-balloon enteroscopy: single center experience with emphasis on procedural performance. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28: 1239-1246
- 46 Messer I, May A, Manner H et al. Prospective, randomized, single-center trial comparing double-balloon enteroscopy and spiral enteroscopy in patients with suspected small-bowel disorders. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77: 241-249
- 47 Domagk D, Mensink P, Aktas H et al. Single- vs. double-balloon enteroscopy in small-bowel diagnostics: a randomized multicenter trial. Endoscopy 2011; 43: 472-476
- 48 May A, Farber M, Aschmoneit I et al. Prospective multicenter trial comparing push-and-pull enteroscopy with the single- and double-balloon techniques in patients with small-bowel disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 575-581
- 49 May A, Nachbar L, Schneider M et al. Prospective comparison of push enteroscopy and push-and-pull enteroscopy in patients with suspected small-bowel bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2016-2024
- 50 Matsumoto T, Moriyama T, Esaki M et al. Performance of antegrade double-balloon enteroscopy: comparison with push enteroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 62: 392-398
- 51 Parry SD, Welfare MR, Cobden I et al. Push enteroscopy in a UK district general hospital: experience of 51 cases over 2 years. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 14: 305-309
- 52 Tee HP, Kaffes AJ. Non-small-bowel lesions encountered during double-balloon enteroscopy performed for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 1885-1889
- 53 Wang Z, Chen JQ, Liu JL et al. CT enterography in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2013; 57: 263-273
- 54 Chen LH, Cao HJ, Zhang H et al. [Diagnostic values of double-balloon enteroscopy and abdominal computed tomography in small bowel disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2008; 88: 3305-3308
- 55 Yen HH, Chen YY, Yang CW et al. Clinical impact of multidetector computed tomography before double-balloon enteroscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 692-697
- 56 Monkemuller K, Neumann H, Meyer F et al. A retrospective analysis of emergency double-balloon enteroscopy for small-bowel bleeding. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 715-717
- 57 Yoon W, Jeong YY, Shin SS et al. Acute massive gastrointestinal bleeding: detection and localization with arterial phase multi-detector row helical CT. Radiology 2006; 239: 160-167
- 58 Shinozaki S, Yamamoto H, Yano T et al. Long-term outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding investigated by double-balloon endoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 8: 151-158
- 59 Neu B, Ell C, May A et al. Capsule endoscopy versus standard tests in influencing management of obscure digestive bleeding: results from a German multicenter trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 1736-1742
- 60 Almeida N, Figueiredo P, Lopes S et al. Urgent capsule endoscopy is useful in severe obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Endosc 2009; 21: 87-92
- 61 Lecleire S, Iwanicki-Caron I, Di-Fiore A et al. Yield and impact of emergency capsule enteroscopy in severe obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 337-342
- 62 Aniwan S, Viriyautsahakul V, Rerknimitr R et al. Urgent double balloon endoscopy provides higher yields than non-urgent double balloon endoscopy in overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy International Open 2014; 02: E90-E95
- 63 Pérez-Cuadrado Robles E, Bebia Conesa P, Esteban Delgado P et al. Emergency double-balloon enteroscopy combined with real-time viewing of capsule endoscopy: A feasible combined approach in acute overt-obscure gastrointestinal bleeding?. Dig Endosc 2014 Sep 23. Epub ahead of print
- 64 Selby W. Can clinical features predict the likelihood of finding abnormalities when using capsule endoscopy in patients with GI bleeding of obscure origin?. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 59: 782-787
- 65 Gilbert D, O’Malley S, Selby W. Are repeat upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy necessary within six months of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding?. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 1806-1809
- 66 Vlachogiannakos J, Papaxoinis K, Viazis N et al. Bleeding lesions within reach of conventional endoscopy in capsule endoscopy examinations for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: is repeating endoscopy economically feasible?. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56: 1763-1768
- 67 Lai LH, Wong GL, Chow DK et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after negative capsule endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1224-1228
- 68 Macdonald J, Porter V, McNamara D. Negative capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding predicts low rebleeding rates. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68: 1122-1127
- 69 Min YW, Kim JS, Jeon SW et al. Long-term outcome of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a nationwide analysis. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 59-65
- 70 Park JJ, Cheon JH, Kim HM et al. Negative capsule endoscopy without subsequent enteroscopy does not predict lower long-term rebleeding rates in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 990-997
- 71 Mergener K, Ponchon T, Gralnek I et al. Literature review and recommendations for clinical application of small-bowel capsule endoscopy, based on a panel discussion by international experts. Consensus statements for small-bowel capsule endoscopy, 2006/2007. Endoscopy 2007; 39: 895-909
- 72 Rondonotti E, Marmo R, Petracchini M et al. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) diagnostic algorithm for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: eight burning questions from everyday clinical practice. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45: 179-185
- 73 Viazis N, Papaxoinis K, Vlachogiannakos J et al. Is there a role for second-look capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding after a nondiagnostic first test?. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 69: 850-856
- 74 Chong AK, Chin BW, Meredith CG. Clinically significant small-bowel pathology identified by double-balloon enteroscopy but missed by capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 445-449
- 75 Li X, Dai J, Lu H et al. A prospective study on evaluating the diagnostic yield of video capsule endoscopy followed by directed double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55: 1704-1710
- 76 Marmo R, Rotondano G, Casetti T et al. Degree of concordance between double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter study. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 587-592
- 77 Williamson JB, Judah JR, Gaidos JK et al. Prospective evaluation of the long-term outcomes after deep small-bowel spiral enteroscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76: 771-778
- 78 Gerson LB, Batenic MA, Newsom SL et al. Long-term outcomes after double-balloon enteroscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7: 664-669
- 79 May A, Friesing-Sosnik T, Manner H et al. Long-term outcome after argon plasma coagulation of small-bowel lesions using double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with mid-gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy 2011; 43: 759-765
- 80 Shinozaki S, Yamamoto H, Yano T et al. Favorable long-term outcomes of repeat endotherapy for small-intestine vascular lesions by double-balloon endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 80: 112-117
- 81 Rahmi G, Samaha E, Vahedi K et al. Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing capsule and double-balloon enteroscopy for identification and treatment of small-bowel vascular lesions: a prospective, multicenter study. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 591-597
- 82 Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre AS et al. Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut 2011; 60: 1309-1316
- 83 Riccioni ME, Urgesi R, Spada C et al. Unexplained iron deficiency anaemia: Is it worthwhile to perform capsule endoscopy?. Dig Liver Dis 2010; 42: 560-566
- 84 Milano A, Balatsinou C, Filippone A et al. A prospective evaluation of iron deficiency anemia in the GI endoscopy setting: role of standard endoscopy, videocapsule endoscopy, and CT-enteroclysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 1002-1008
- 85 Yamada A, Watabe H, Yamaji Y et al. Incidence of small intestinal lesions in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Hepatogastroenterology 2011; 58: 1240-1243
- 86 Holleran GE, Barry SA, Thornton OJ et al. The use of small bowel capsule endoscopy in iron deficiency anaemia: low impact on outcome in the medium term despite high diagnostic yield. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 25: 327-332
- 87 Van Turenhout ST, Jacobs MA, Van Weyenberg SJ et al. Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in a tertiary hospital in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2010; 19: 141-145
- 88 Tong J, Svarta S, Ou G et al. Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in the setting of iron deficiency anemia without evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Can J Gastroenterol 2012; 26: 687-690
- 89 Sheibani S, Levesque BG, Friedland S et al. Long-term impact of capsule endoscopy in patients referred for iron-deficiency anemia. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55: 703-708
- 90 Bain GH, Ritchie VFP, Salunche SS et al. The use of small bowel capsule endoscopy in the investigation of iron deficiency anaemia. Adherence to BSG guidelines and impact on diagnostic yield. United European Gastroenterol J 2014; 02: A217
- 91 Efthymiou M, Allen PB, Jayasekera C et al. Value of fecal occult blood test as a screening test before capsule endoscopy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23: 690-694
- 92 Kobayashi Y, Watabe H, Yamada A et al. Impact of fecal occult blood on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: Observational study. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 326-332
- 93 Koulaouzidis A, Rondonotti E, Giannakou A et al. Diagnostic yield of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with iron-deficiency anemia: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76: 983-992
- 94 Apostolopoulos P, Liatsos C, Gralnek IM et al. The role of wireless capsule endoscopy in investigating unexplained iron deficiency anemia after negative endoscopic evaluation of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 2006; 38: 1127-1132
- 95 Sidhu PS, McAlindon ME, Drew K et al. Diagnostic yield of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with iron deficiency anemia: does it affect management?. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 800-801
- 96 Koulaouzidis A, Yung DE, Lam JH et al. The use of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in iron-deficiency anemia alone; be aware of the young anemic patient. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47: 1094-1100
- 97 Sidhu R, McAlindon ME, Drew K et al. Evaluating the role of small-bowel endoscopy in clinical practice: the largest single-centre experience. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 24: 513-519
- 98 Zuckerman GR, Prakash C, Askin MP et al. AGA technical review on the evaluation and management of occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 201-221
- 99 Gomez Rodriguez BJ, Ortiz MC, Romero CR et al. Diagnostic yield of 335 push video-enteroscopies. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2006; 98: 82-92
- 100 Van Gossum A, Hittelet A, Schmit A et al. A prospective comparative study of push and wireless-capsule enteroscopy in patients with obscure digestive bleeding. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2003; 66: 199-205
- 101 Keizman D, Brill S, Umansky M et al. Diagnostic yield of routine push enteroscopy with a graded-stiffness enteroscope without overtube. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 57: 877-881
- 102 Bezet A, Cuillerier E, Landi B et al. Clinical impact of push enteroscopy in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 2: 921-927
- 103 Linder J, Cheruvattath R, Truss C et al. Diagnostic yield and clinical implications of push enteroscopy: results from a nonspecialized center. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002; 35: 383-386
- 104 Chak A, Cooper GS, Canto MI et al. Enteroscopy for the initial evaluation of iron deficiency. Gastrointest Endosc 1998; 47: 144-148
- 105 Manabe N, Tanaka S, Fukumoto A et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with GI bleeding of obscure origin. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 135-140
- 106 Soyer P. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: difficulties in comparing CT enterography and video capsule endoscopy. Eur Radiol 2012; 22: 1167-1171
- 107 Sidhu PS, McAlindon M, Drew K et al. The utility of capsule endoscopy in patients with iron deficiency anaemia under 50 years – is the juice worth the squeeze?. Gut 2013; 62 Suppl 1: A287
- 108 Van Weyenberg SJ, Van Turenhout ST, Jacobs MA et al. Video capsule endoscopy for previous overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in patients using anti-thrombotic drugs. Dig Endosc 2012; 24: 247-254
- 109 van Assche G, Dignass A, Panes J et al. The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: Definitions and diagnosis. J Crohns Colitis 2010; 4: 7-27
- 110 Jensen MD, Nathan T, Rafaelsen SR et al. Ileoscopy reduces the need for small bowel imaging in suspected Crohn’s disease. Dan Med J 2012; 59: A4491
- 111 Samuel S, Bruining DH, Loftus EV et al. Endoscopic skipping of the distal terminal ileum in Crohn’s disease can lead to negative results from ileocolonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10: 1253-1259
- 112 Koulaouzidis A, Rondonotti E, Karargyris A. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy: a ten-point contemporary review. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 3726-3746
- 113 Tukey M, Pleskow D, Legnani P et al. The utility of capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104: 2734-2739
- 114 Mow WS, Lo SK, Targan SR et al. Initial experience with wireless capsule enteroscopy in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 2: 31-40
- 115 Leighton JA. The role of endoscopic imaging of the small bowel in clinical practice. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106: 27-36
- 116 Lewis BS, Eisen GM, Friedman S. A pooled analysis to evaluate results of capsule endoscopy trials. Endoscopy 2005; 37: 960-965
- 117 Bourreille A, Ignjatovic A, Aabakken L et al. Role of small-bowel endoscopy in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an international OMED-ECCO consensus. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 618-637
- 118 Mehdizadeh S, Chen GC, Barkodar L et al. Capsule endoscopy in patients with Crohn’s disease: diagnostic yield and safety. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 121-127
- 119 Doherty GA, Moss AC, Cheifetz AS. Capsule endoscopy for small-bowel evaluation in Crohn’s disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 167-175
- 120 Levesque BG. Yield to diagnostic accuracy: capsule endoscopy in Crohn’s disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 128-130
- 121 Maiden L, Thjodleifsson B, Seigal A et al. Long-term effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 selective agents on the small bowel: a cross-sectional capsule enteroscopy study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 1040-1045
- 122 Graham DY, Opekun AR, Willingham FF et al. Visible small-intestinal mucosal injury in chronic NSAID users. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3: 55-59
- 123 Goldstein JL, Eisen GM, Lewis B et al. Video capsule endoscopy to prospectively assess small bowel injury with celecoxib, naproxen plus omeprazole, and placebo. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3: 133-141
- 124 Maiden L, Thjodleifsson B, Theodors A et al. A quantitative analysis of NSAID-induced small bowel pathology by capsule enteroscopy. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 1172-1178
- 125 Lewis JR, Pashinsky Y, Tinsley A et al. Capsule endoscopy in healthy individuals. Gastroenterology 2012; 142 Suppl 1: S52-S53
- 126 Dionisio PM, Gurudu SR, Leighton JA et al. Capsule endoscopy has a significantly higher diagnostic yield in patients with suspected and established small-bowel Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 1240-1248
- 127 Leighton JA, Gralnek IM, Cohen SA et al. Capsule endoscopy is superior to small-bowel follow-through and equivalent to ileocolonoscopy in suspected Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12: 609-615
- 128 Jensen MD, Nathan T, Rafaelsen SR et al. Diagnostic accuracy of capsule endoscopy for small bowel Crohn’s disease is superior to that of MR enterography or CT enterography. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 124-129
- 129 Toth E, Németh A, Nielsen J et al. Capsule endoscopy is superior to magnetic resonance enterography for detection of Crohn’s lesions in the small bowel. Gut 2011; 60: A404
- 130 Pica R, Fouraki S, Cassieri C et al. Small bowel involvement in Crohn’s disease: a prospective study comparing wireless capsule endoscopy and magnetic resonance enteroclysis. Gut 2012; 61: A398
- 131 Panes J, Bouhnik Y, Reinisch W et al. Imaging techniques for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease: joint ECCO and ESGAR evidence-based consensus guidelines. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7: 556-585
- 132 Lee SS, Kim AY, Yang SK et al. Crohn disease of the small bowel: comparison of CT enterography, MR enterography, and small-bowel follow-through as diagnostic techniques. Radiology 2009; 251: 751-761
- 133 Horsthuis K, Bipat S, Bennink RJ et al. Inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed with US, MR, scintigraphy, and CT: meta-analysis of prospective studies. Radiology 2008; 247: 64-79
- 134 Siddiki HA, Fidler JL, Fletcher JG et al. Prospective comparison of state-of-the-art MR enterography and CT enterography in small-bowel Crohn’s disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 193: 113-121
- 135 Fiorino G, Bonifacio C, Peyrin-Biroulet L et al. Prospective comparison of computed tomography enterography and magnetic resonance enterography for assessment of disease activity and complications in ileocolonic Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17: 1073-1080
- 136 Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography – an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2277-2284
- 137 Freudenberg LS, Beyer T. Subjective perception of radiation risk. J Nucl Med 2011; 52: 29S-35S
- 138 Solem CA, Loftus Jr EV et al. Small-bowel imaging in Crohn’s disease: a prospective, blinded, 4-way comparison trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68: 255-266
- 139 Cave D, Legnani P, de Franchis R et al. ICCE consensus for capsule retention. Endoscopy 2005; 37: 1065-1067
- 140 Postgate AJ, Burling D, Gupta A et al. Safety, reliability and limitations of the given patency capsule in patients at risk of capsule retention: a 3-year technical review. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53: 2732-2738
- 141 Cheifetz AS, Kornbluth AA, Legnani P et al. The risk of retention of the capsule endoscope in patients with known or suspected Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2218-2222
- 142 Hoog CM, Bark LA, Arkani J et al. Capsule retentions and incomplete capsule endoscopy examinations: an analysis of 2300 examinations. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012: 518718
- 143 Karagiannis S, Faiss S, Mavrogiannis C. Capsule retention: a feared complication of wireless capsule endoscopy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 1158-1165
- 144 Herrerias JM, Leighton JA, Costamagna G et al. Agile patency system eliminates risk of capsule retention in patients with known intestinal strictures who undergo capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 67: 902-909
- 145 Yadav A, Heigh RI, Hara AK et al. Performance of the patency capsule compared with nonenteroclysis radiologic examinations in patients with known or suspected intestinal strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 834-839
- 146 Handa O, Naito Y, Onozawa Y et al. The usefulness of the self-dissolving patency capsule in the prediction of the intestinal stricture in patients with Crohn’s disease: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77: AB172
- 147 May A, Manner H, Schneider M et al. Prospective multicenter trial of capsule endoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea and other signs and symptoms (CEDAP-Plus Study). Endoscopy 2007; 39: 606-612
- 148 Bardan E, Nadler M, Chowers Y et al. Capsule endoscopy for the evaluation of patients with chronic abdominal pain. Endoscopy 2003; 35: 688-689
- 149 Shim KN, Kim YS, Kim KJ et al. Abdominal pain accompanied by weight loss may increase the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy: a Korean multicenter study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41: 983-988
- 150 Adler SN, Yoav M, Eitan S et al. Does capsule endoscopy have an added value in patients with perianal disease and a negative work up for Crohn’s disease?. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 4: 185-188
- 151 De Bona M, Bellumat A, Cian E et al. Capsule endoscopy findings in patients with suspected Crohn’s disease and biochemical markers of inflammation. Dig Liver Dis 2006; 38: 331-335
- 152 Valle J, Alcantara M, Perez-Grueso MJ et al. Clinical features of patients with negative results from traditional diagnostic work-up and Crohn’s disease findings from capsule endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: 692-696
- 153 Rosa B, Moreira MJ, Rebelo A et al. Lewis score: a useful clinical tool for patients with suspected Crohn’s disease submitted to capsule endoscopy. J Crohns Colitis 2012; 6: 692-697
- 154 Rodrigues S, Magro F, Cardoso H et al. Role of capsule endoscopy in the evaluation of different segments of the small bowel in Crohn’s disease: correlation of biomarkers, endoscopy, and Lewis score. Gastroenterology 2012; 142 Suppl 1: S787
- 155 Sipponen T, Haapamaki J, Savilahti E et al. Fecal calprotectin and S100A12 have low utility in prediction of small bowel Crohn’s disease detected by wireless capsule endoscopy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47: 778-784
- 156 Koulaouzidis A, Douglas S, Rogers MA et al. Fecal calprotectin: a selection tool for small bowel capsule endoscopy in suspected IBD with prior negative bi-directional endoscopy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46: 561-566
- 157 Koulaouzidis A, Douglas S, Plevris JN. Lewis score correlates more closely with fecal calprotectin than Capsule Endoscopy Crohn’s Disease Activity Index. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57: 987-993
- 158 van Rheenen PF, Van de Vijver E, Fidler V. Faecal calprotectin for screening of patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 341: c3369
- 159 Jensen MD, Kjeldsen J, Nathan T. Fecal calprotectin is equally sensitive in Crohn’s disease affecting the small bowel and colon. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46: 694-700
- 160 Hoog CM, Bark LA, Brostrom O et al. Capsule endoscopic findings correlate with fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein in patients with suspected small-bowel Crohn’s disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49: 1084-1090
- 161 Lim YJ, Yang CH. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. Clin Endosc 2012; 45: 138-144
- 162 Bjarnason I, Price AB, Zanelli G et al. Clinicopathological features of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced small intestinal strictures. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 1070-1074
- 163 Maiden L. Capsule endoscopic diagnosis of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44 (Suppl. 19) 64-71
- 164 Fujimori S, Gudis K, Takahashi Y et al. Distribution of small intestinal mucosal injuries as a result of NSAID administration. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40: 504-510
- 165 Matsumoto T, Kudo T, Esaki M et al. Prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy determined by double-balloon endoscopy: a Japanese multicenter study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43: 490-496
- 166 Leung WK, Bjarnason I, Wong VW et al. Small bowel enteropathy associated with chronic low-dose aspirin therapy. Lancet 2007; 369: 614
- 167 Higuchi K, Umegaki E, Watanabe T et al. Present status and strategy of NSAIDs-induced small bowel injury. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 879-888
- 168 Voderholzer WA, Beinhoelzl J, Rogalla P et al. Small bowel involvement in Crohn’s disease: a prospective comparison of wireless capsule endoscopy and computed tomography enteroclysis. Gut 2005; 54: 369-373
- 169 Petruzziello C, Onali S, Calabrese E et al. Wireless capsule endoscopy and proximal small bowel lesions in Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 3299-3304
- 170 Fork FT, Karlsson N, Kadhem S et al. Small bowel enteroclysis with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in patients with failed and uncertain passage of a patency capsule. BMC Med Imaging 2012; 12: 3
- 171 Kalla R, McAlindon ME, Drew K et al. Clinical utility of capsule endoscopy in patients with Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 25: 706-713
- 172 Long MD, Barnes E, Isaacs K et al. Impact of capsule endoscopy on management of inflammatory bowel disease: a single tertiary care center experience. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17: 1855-1862
- 173 Lorenzo-Zuniga V, de Vega VM, Domenech E et al. Impact of capsule endoscopy findings in the management of Crohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55: 411-414
- 174 Flamant M, Trang C, Maillard O et al. The prevalence and outcome of jejunal lesions visualized by small bowel capsule endoscopy in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19: 1390-1396
- 175 Dussault C, Gower-Rousseau C, Salleron J et al. Small bowel capsule endoscopy for management of Crohn’s disease: a retrospective tertiary care centre experience. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45: 558-561
- 176 van Tuyl SA, van Noorden JT, Stolk MF et al. Clinical consequences of videocapsule endoscopy in GI bleeding and Crohn’s disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 66: 1164-1170
- 177 Kopylov U, Nemeth A, Koulaouzidis A et al. Small bowel capsule endoscopy in the management of established Crohn’s disease: clinical impact, safety, and correlation with inflammatory biomarkers. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21: 93-100
- 178 Gralnek IM, Cohen SA, Ephrath H et al. Small bowel capsule endoscopy impacts diagnosis and management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57: 465-471
- 179 Rondonotti E, Soncini M, Girelli C et al. Small bowel capsule endoscopy in clinical practice: a multicenter 7-year survey. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22: 1380-1386
- 180 Esaki M, Matsumoto T, Watanabe K et al. Use of capsule endoscopy in patients with Crohn’s disease in Japan: a multicenter survey. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29: 96-101
- 181 Goel R, Hardman J, Gulati M et al. Video capsule retention in inflammatory bowel disease: an unusual presentation and discussion of retrieval methods. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2013; article ID 607142
- 182 Cheon JH, Kim YS, Lee IS et al. Can we predict spontaneous capsule passage after retention? A nationwide study to evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes of capsule retention. Endoscopy 2007; 39: 1046-1052
- 183 Despott EJ, Fraser C. Small bowel endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 26: 279-291
- 184 Pennazio M. Capsule endoscopy: where are we after 6 years of clinical use?. Dig Liver Dis 2006; 38: 867-878
- 185 Viazis N, Zacharakis G, Saprikis E et al. A single center experience of 2300 consecutive patients undergoing capsule endoscopy: indications and diagnostic yield. Endoscopy 2011; 43: A129
- 186 Gurudu SR, Leighton JA. Correlation of two capsule endoscopy scoring systems with fecal calprotectin: does it really matter?. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57: 827-829
- 187 Jensen MD, Nathan T, Kjeldsen J. Inter-observer agreement for detection of small bowel Crohn’s disease with capsule endoscopy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 878-884
- 188 Gal E, Geller A, Fraser G et al. Assessment and validation of the new capsule endoscopy Crohn’s disease activity index (CECDAI). Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53: 1933-1937
- 189 Niv Y, Ilani S, Levi Z et al. Validation of the Capsule Endoscopy Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CECDAI or Niv score): a multicenter prospective study. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 21-26
- 190 Gralnek IM, de Franchis R, Seidman E et al. Development of a capsule endoscopy scoring index for small bowel mucosal inflammatory change. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27: 146-154
- 191 Cotter J, Dias de Castro F, Magalhães J et al. Validation of the Lewis score for the evaluation of small-bowel Crohn’s disease activity. Endoscopy 2015 Feb 9. Epub ahead of print
- 192 Swaminath A, Legnani P, Kornbluth A. Video capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: past, present, and future redux. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16: 1254-1262
- 193 Efthymiou A, Viazis N, Mantzaris G et al. Does clinical response correlate with mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease of the small bowel? A prospective, case-series study using wireless capsule endoscopy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14: 1542-1547
- 194 Mann NK, Lo SK. Wireless capsule endoscopy improves outcomes in nonstricturing Crohn’s disease: an evaluation of pre- and post-treatment capsule endoscopy (CE). Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77: AB275
- 195 Hall B, Holleran G, Chin JL et al. A prospective 52 week mucosal healing assessment of small bowel Crohn’s disease as detected by capsule endoscopy. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8: 1601-1609
- 196 Daperno M, D’Haens G, van Assche G et al. Development and validation of a new, simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn’s disease: the SES-CD. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 60: 505-512
- 197 Maunoury V, Savoye G, Bourreille A et al. Value of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with indeterminate colitis (inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified). Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13: 152-155
- 198 Mehdizadeh S, Chen G, Enayati PJ et al. Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease of unclassified type (IBDU). Endoscopy 2008; 40: 30-35
- 199 Di Nardo G, Oliva S, Ferrari F et al. Usefulness of wireless capsule endoscopy in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43: 220-224
- 200 Joossens S, Reinisch W, Vermeire S et al. The value of serologic markers in indeterminate colitis: a prospective follow-up study. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 1242-1247
- 201 Henriksen M, Jahnsen J, Lygren I et al. Change of diagnosis during the first five years after onset of inflammatory bowel disease: results of a prospective follow-up study (the IBSEN Study). Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41: 1037-1043
- 202 Chevaux JB, Fiorino G, Frederic M et al. Capsule endoscopy in Crohn’s disease. Curr Drug Targets 2012; 13: 1261-1267
- 203 Condino G, Calabrese E, Onali S et al. Small bowel capsule endoscopy for assessing early postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease: a prospective longitudinal study. Gastroenterol 2013; 144 Suppl 1: S425
- 204 Pons Beltran V, Nos P et al. Evaluation of postsurgical recurrence in Crohn’s disease: a new indication for capsule endoscopy?. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 66: 533-540
- 205 Bourreille A, Jarry M, D’Halluin PN et al. Wireless capsule endoscopy versus ileocolonoscopy for the diagnosis of postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease: a prospective study. Gut 2006; 55: 978-983
- 206 Buisson A, Chevaux JB, Bommelaer G et al. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of postoperative Crohn’s disease recurrence. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44: 453-460
- 207 Wiarda BM, Mensink PB, Heine DG et al. Small bowel Crohn’s disease: MR enteroclysis and capsule endoscopy compared to balloon-assisted enteroscopy. Abdom Imaging 2012; 37: 397-403
- 208 Darbari A, Kalloo AN, Cuffari C. Diagnostic yield, safety, and efficacy of push enteroscopy in pediatrics. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 224-228
- 209 Landi B, Tkoub M, Gaudric M et al. Diagnostic yield of push-type enteroscopy in relation to indication. Gut 1998; 42: 421-425
- 210 Gay G, Delvaux M. Double balloon enteroscopy in Crohn’s disease and related disorders: our experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 66: S82-S90
- 211 Manes G, Imbesi V, Ardizzone S et al. Use of double-balloon enteroscopy in the management of patients with Crohn’s disease: feasibility and diagnostic yield in a high-volume centre for inflammatory bowel disease. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 2790-2795
- 212 Seiderer J, Herrmann K, Diepolder H et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy versus magnetic resonance enteroclysis in diagnosing suspected small-bowel Crohn’s disease: results of a pilot study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007; 42: 1376-1385
- 213 Sunada K, Yamamoto H, Kita H et al. Clinical outcomes of enteroscopy using the double-balloon method for strictures of the small intestine. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 1087-1089
- 214 May A, Nachbar L, Ell C. Double-balloon enteroscopy (push-and-pull enteroscopy) of the small bowel: feasibility and diagnostic and therapeutic yield in patients with suspected small bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 62: 62-70
- 215 Prachayakul V, Deesomsak M, Aswakul P et al. The utility of single-balloon enteroscopy for the diagnosis and management of small bowel disorders according to their clinical manifestations: a retrospective review. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13: 103
- 216 Heine GD, Hadithi M, Groenen MJ et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy: indications, diagnostic yield, and complications in a series of 275 patients with suspected small-bowel disease. Endoscopy 2006; 38: 42-48
- 217 Mensink PB, Aktas H, Zelinkova Z et al. Impact of double-balloon enteroscopy findings on the management of Crohn’s disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 483-489
- 218 Oshitani N, Yukawa T, Yamagami H et al. Evaluation of deep small bowel involvement by double-balloon enteroscopy in Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1484-1489
- 219 de Ridder L, Mensink PB, Lequin MH et al. Single-balloon enteroscopy, magnetic resonance enterography, and abdominal US useful for evaluation of small-bowel disease in children with (suspected) Crohn’s disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 75: 87-94
- 220 Takenaka K, Ohtsuka K, Kitazume Y et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance and balloon enteroscopic examination of the small intestine in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 2014; 147: 334-342
- 221 Kondo J, Iijima H, Abe T et al. Roles of double-balloon endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of Crohn’s disease: a multicenter experience. J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 713-720
- 222 Xin L, Liao Z, Jiang YP et al. Indications, detectability, positive findings, total enteroscopy, and complications of diagnostic double-balloon endoscopy: a systematic review of data over the first decade of use. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 563-570
- 223 Lee BI, Choi H, Choi KY et al. Retrieval of a retained capsule endoscope by double-balloon enteroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 62: 463-465
- 224 Despott EJ, Gupta A, Burling D et al. Effective dilation of small-bowel strictures by double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with symptomatic Crohn’s disease (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 70: 1030-1036
- 225 Swaminath A, Lichtiger S. Dilation of colonic strictures by intralesional injection of infliximab in patients with Crohn’s colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14: 213-216
- 226 Di Nardo G, Oliva S, Passariello M et al. Intralesional steroid injection after endoscopic balloon dilation in pediatric Crohn’s disease with stricture: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72: 1201-1208
- 227 Fukumoto A, Tanaka S, Yamamoto H et al. Diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel stricture by double balloon endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 66 Suppl: S108-S112
- 228 Pohl J, May A, Nachbar L et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic yield of push-and-pull enteroscopy for symptomatic small bowel Crohn’s disease strictures. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19: 529-534
- 229 Hirai F, Beppu T, Takatsu N et al. Long-term outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation for small bowel strictures in patients with Crohn’s disease. Dig Endosc 2014; 26: 545-551
- 230 Gill RS, Kaffes AJ. Small bowel stricture characterization and outcomes of dilatation by double-balloon enteroscopy: a single-centre experience. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2014; 7: 108-114
- 231 Weinstein MC, Siegel JE, Gold MR et al. Recommendations of the Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine. JAMA 1996; 276: 1253-1258
- 232 Gazelle GS, McMahon PM, Siebert U et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis in the assessment of diagnostic imaging technologies. Radiology 2005; 235: 361-370
- 233 Burisch J, Jess T, Martinato M et al. The burden of inflammatory bowel disease in Europe. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7: 322-337
- 234 Albert JG, Kotsch J, Kostler W et al. Course of Crohn’s disease prior to establishment of the diagnosis. Z Gastroenterol 2008; 46: 187-192
- 235 Aggarwal V, Day AS, Connor SJ et al. Capsule endoscopy findings in small bowel Crohn’s disease patients in clinical remission: correlation with the Crohn’s disease activity index, faecal calprotectin and S100A12. Gastroenterology 2010; 138 Suppl 1: S114
- 236 Hoffmann JC, Preiss JC, Autschbach F et al. [Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of Crohn’s disease]. Z Gastroenterol 2008; 46: 1094-1146
- 237 Rondonotti E, Soncini M, Girelli C et al. Cost estimation of small bowel capsule endoscopy based on “real world” data: inpatient or outpatient procedure?. Dig Liver Dis 2010; 42: 798-802
- 238 Tillack C, Seiderer J, Brand S et al. Correlation of magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE) and wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) in the diagnosis of small bowel lesions in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14: 1219-1228
- 239 Ebinger M, Rieber A, Leidl R. Cost-effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging and enteroclysis in the diagnostic imaging of Crohn’s disease. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2002; 18: 711-717
- 240 Cipriano LE, Levesque BG, Zaric GS et al. Cost-effectiveness of imaging strategies to reduce radiation-induced cancer risk in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18: 1240-1248
- 241 Albert JG, Nachtigall F, Wiedbrauck F et al. Minimizing procedural cost in diagnosing small bowel bleeding: comparison of a strategy based on initial capsule endoscopy versus initial double-balloon enteroscopy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22: 679-688
- 242 Gerson L, Kamal A. Cost-effectiveness analysis of management strategies for obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68: 920-936
- 243 Frilling A, Smith G, Clift AK et al. Capsule endoscopy to detect primary tumour site in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46: 1038-1042
- 244 Johanssen S, Boivin M, Lochs H et al. The yield of wireless capsule endoscopy in the detection of neuroendocrine tumors in comparison with CT enteroclysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 63: 660-665
- 245 van Tuyl SA, van Noorden JT, Timmer R et al. Detection of small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors by video capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 66-72
- 246 Albert JG, Fechner M, Fiedler E et al. Algorithm for detection of small-bowel metastasis in malignant melanoma of the skin. Endoscopy 2011; 43: 490-498
- 247 Culliford A, Daly J, Diamond B et al. The value of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with complicated celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 62: 55-61
- 248 Barret M, Malamut G, Rahmi G et al. Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in refractory celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107: 1546-1553
- 249 Rondonotti E, Pennazio M, Toth E et al. Small-bowel neoplasms in patients undergoing video capsule endoscopy: a multicenter European study. Endoscopy 2008; 40: 488-495
- 250 Mitsui K, Tanaka S, Yamamoto H et al. Role of double-balloon endoscopy in the diagnosis of small-bowel tumors: the first Japanese multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 70: 498-504
- 251 Postgate A, Despott E, Burling D et al. Significant small-bowel lesions detected by alternative diagnostic modalities after negative capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68: 1209-1214
- 252 Hakim FA, Alexander JA, Huprich JE et al. CT-enterography may identify small bowel tumors not detected by capsule endoscopy: eight years experience at Mayo Clinic Rochester. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56: 2914-2919
- 253 Nakatani M, Fujiwara Y, Nagami Y et al. The usefulness of double-balloon enteroscopy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the small bowel with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Intern Med 2012; 51: 2675-2682
- 254 He Q, Bai Y, Zhi FC et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy for mesenchymal tumors of small bowel: nine years' experience. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 1820-1826
- 255 Cheung DY, Lee IS, Chang DK et al. Capsule endoscopy in small bowel tumors: a multicenter Korean study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25: 1079-1086
- 256 Masselli G, Polettini E, Casciani E et al. Small-bowel neoplasms: prospective evaluation of MR enteroclysis. Radiology 2009; 251: 743-750
- 257 Van Weyenberg SJ, Bouman K, Jacobs MA et al. Comparison of MR enteroclysis with video capsule endoscopy in the investigation of small-intestinal disease. Abdom Imaging 2013; 38: 42-51
- 258 Saurin JC, Pilleul F, Soussan EB et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy diagnoses early and advanced neoplasms in asymptomatic patients with Lynch syndrome. Endoscopy 2010; 42: 1057-1062
- 259 Haanstra JF, Al-Toma A, Dekker E et al. Prevalence of small-bowel neoplasia in Lynch syndrome assessed by video capsule endoscopy. Gut 2014 Sep 10. Epub ahead of print
- 260 Shyung LR, Lin SC, Shih SC et al. Proposed scoring system to determine small bowel mass lesions using capsule endoscopy. J Formos Med Assoc 2009; 108: 533-538
- 261 Girelli CM, Porta P, Colombo E et al. Development of a novel index to discriminate bulge from mass on small-bowel capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 1067-1074
- 262 Bailey AA, Debinski HS, Appleyard MN et al. Diagnosis and outcome of small bowel tumors found by capsule endoscopy: a three-center Australian experience. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2237-2243
- 263 Lee BI, Choi H, Choi KY et al. Clinical characteristics of small bowel tumors diagnosed by double-balloon endoscopy: KASID multi-center study. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56: 2920-2927
- 264 Chen WG, Shan GD, Zhang H et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy in small bowel tumors: a Chinese single-center study. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 3665-3671
- 265 Honda W, Ohmiya N, Hirooka Y et al. Enteroscopic and radiologic diagnoses, treatment, and prognoses of small-bowel tumors. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76: 344-354
- 266 Nakamura M, Ohmiya N, Hirooka Y et al. Endoscopic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma with small-bowel involvement using video capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy: a case series. Endoscopy 2013; 45: 67-70
- 267 Albert JG, Schulbe R, Hahn L et al. Impact of capsule endoscopy on outcome in mid-intestinal bleeding: a multicentre cohort study in 285 patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 20: 971-977
- 268 Saurin JC, Gutknecht C, Napoleon B et al. Surveillance of duodenal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis reveals high cumulative risk of advanced disease. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 493-498
- 269 Groves CJ, Saunders BP, Spigelman AD et al. Duodenal cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): results of a 10 year prospective study. Gut 2002; 50: 636-641
- 270 Koornstra JJ. Small bowel endoscopy in familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 26: 359-368
- 271 Jagelman DG, DeCosse JJ, Bussey HJ. Upper gastrointestinal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis. Lancet 1988; 1: 1149-1151
- 272 Burke CA, Santisi J, Church J et al. The utility of capsule endoscopy small bowel surveillance in patients with polyposis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 1498-1502
- 273 Schulmann K, Hollerbach S, Kraus K et al. Feasibility and diagnostic utility of video capsule endoscopy for the detection of small bowel polyps in patients with hereditary polyposis syndromes. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 27-37
- 274 Plum N, May A, Manner H et al. Small-bowel diagnosis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: comparison of push enteroscopy, capsule endoscopy, ileoscopy, and enteroclysis. Z Gastroenterol 2009; 47: 339-346
- 275 Kong H, Kim YS, Hyun JJ et al. Limited ability of capsule endoscopy to detect normally positioned duodenal papilla. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 538-541
- 276 Postgate A, Tekkis P, Fitzpatrick A et al. The impact of experience on polyp detection and sizing accuracy at capsule endoscopy: implications for training from an animal model study. Endoscopy 2008; 40: 496-501
- 277 Wong RF, Tuteja AK, Haslem DS et al. Video capsule endoscopy compared with standard endoscopy for the evaluation of small-bowel polyps in persons with familial adenomatous polyposis (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 530-537
- 278 Caspari R, von Falkenhausen M, Krautmacher C et al. Comparison of capsule endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of polyps of the small intestine in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis or with Peutz–Jeghers’ syndrome. Endoscopy 2004; 36: 1054-1059
- 279 Saurin JC, Ligneau B, Ponchon T et al. The influence of mutation site and age on the severity of duodenal polyposis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastrointest Endosc 2002; 55: 342-347
- 280 Ruys AT, Alderlieste YA, Gouma DJ et al. Jejunal cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 8: 731-733
- 281 Lin OS, Brandabur JJ, Schembre DB et al. Acute symptomatic small bowel obstruction due to capsule impaction. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 65: 725-728
- 282 Perez-Segura P, Siso I, Luque R et al. Iatrogenic intestinal obstruction: a rare complication of capsule endoscopy in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1: E298-E299
- 283 Matsumoto T, Esaki M, Yanaru-Fujisawa R et al. Small-intestinal involvement in familial adenomatous polyposis: evaluation by double-balloon endoscopy and intraoperative enteroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68: 911-919
- 284 Alderlieste YA, Rauws EA, Mathus-Vliegen EM et al. Prospective enteroscopic evaluation of jejunal polyposis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and advanced duodenal polyposis. Fam Cancer 2013; 12: 51-56
- 285 Monkemuller K, Fry LC, Ebert M et al. Feasibility of double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted chromoendoscopy of the small bowel in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Endoscopy 2007; 39: 52-57
- 286 Riccioni ME, Urgesi R, Cianci R et al. Single-balloon push-and-pull enteroscopy system: does it work? A single-center, 3-year experience. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 3050-3056
- 287 Gunther U, Bojarski C, Buhr HJ et al. Capsule endoscopy in small-bowel surveillance of patients with hereditary polyposis syndromes. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25: 1377-1382
- 288 Langers AM, De Vos tot Nederveen Cappel WH, Veenendaal RA et al. Double balloon endoscopy for detection of small-bowel adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis after pancreaticoduodenectomy according to Whipple. Endoscopy 2008; 40: 773-774
- 289 Korsse SE, Dewint P, Kuipers EJ et al. Small bowel endoscopy and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 26: 263-278
- 290 Beggs AD, Latchford AR, Vasen HF et al. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a systematic review and recommendations for management. Gut 2010; 59: 975-986
- 291 Brown G, Fraser C, Schofield G et al. Video capsule endoscopy in peutz-jeghers syndrome: a blinded comparison with barium follow-through for detection of small-bowel polyps. Endoscopy 2006; 38: 385-390
- 292 Mata A, Llach J, Castells A et al. A prospective trial comparing wireless capsule endoscopy and barium contrast series for small-bowel surveillance in hereditary GI polyposis syndromes. Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 61: 721-725
- 293 Postgate A, Hyer W, Phillips R et al. Feasibility of video capsule endoscopy in the management of children with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a blinded comparison with barium enterography for the detection of small bowel polyps. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49: 417-423
- 294 Gupta A, Postgate AJ, Burling D et al. A prospective study of MR enterography versus capsule endoscopy for the surveillance of adult patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 195: 108-116
- 295 Urquhart P, Grimpen F, Lim GJ et al. Capsule endoscopy versus magnetic resonance enterography for the detection of small bowel polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Fam Cancer 2014; 13: 249-255
- 296 Maccioni F, Al Ansari N, Mazzamurro F et al. Surveillance of patients affected by Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: diagnostic value of MR enterography in prone and supine position. Abdom Imaging 2012; 37: 279-287
- 297 Soares J, Lopes L, Vilas BG et al. Wireless capsule endoscopy for evaluation of phenotypic expression of small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome and in symptomatic first-degree relatives. Endoscopy 2004; 36: 1060-1066
- 298 Matsumoto T, Esaki M, Moriyama T et al. Comparison of capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy with the double-balloon method in patients with obscure bleeding and polyposis. Endoscopy 2005; 37: 827-832
- 299 Rahmi G, Samaha E, Lorenceau-Savale C et al. Small bowel polypectomy by double balloon enteroscopy: Correlation with prior capsule endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 5: 219-225
- 300 Zhang W, Han ZL, Cheng Y et al. Value of the patency capsule in pre-evaluation for capsule endoscopy in cases of intestinal obstruction. J Dig Dis 2014; 15: 345-351
- 301 van Lier MG, Mathus-Vliegen EM, Wagner A et al. High cumulative risk of intussusception in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: time to update surveillance guidelines?. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106: 940-945
- 302 van Lier MG, Wagner A, Mathus-Vliegen EM et al. High cancer risk in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a systematic review and surveillance recommendations. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 1258-1264
- 303 Pennazio M, Rossini FP. Small bowel polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: management by combined push enteroscopy and intraoperative enteroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 51: 304-308
- 304 Gao H, van Lier MG, Poley JW et al. Endoscopic therapy of small-bowel polyps by double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 768-773
- 305 Ohmiya N, Nakamura M, Takenaka H et al. Management of small-bowel polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome by using enteroclysis, double-balloon enteroscopy, and videocapsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72: 1209-1216
- 306 Sakamoto H, Yamamoto H, Hayashi Y et al. Nonsurgical management of small-bowel polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with extensive polypectomy by using double-balloon endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 328-333
- 307 Urns AN, Martinello M, Rao P et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic utility of double-balloon enteroscopy in children. J Paediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 204-212
- 308 Torroni F, Romeo E, Rea F et al. Conservative approach in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Single-balloon enteroscopy and small bowel polypectomy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 6: 318-323
- 309 Gastineau S, Viala J, Caldari D et al. Contribution of capsule endoscopy to Peutz-Jeghers syndrome management in children. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44: 839-843
- 310 Mustalahti K, Catassi C, Reunanen A et al. The prevalence of celiac disease in Europe: results of a centralized, international mass screening project. Ann Med 2010; 42: 587-595
- 311 Ludvigsson JF, Rubio-Tapia A, van Dyke CT et al. Increasing incidence of celiac disease in a North American population. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 818-824
- 312 Jones HJ, Warner JT. NICE clinical guideline 86. Coeliac disease: recognition and assessment of coeliac disease. Arch Dis Child 2010; 95: 312-313
- 313 Hopper AD, Cross SS, Sanders DS. Patchy villous atrophy in adult patients with suspected gluten-sensitive enteropathy: is a multiple duodenal biopsy strategy appropriate?. Endoscopy 2008; 40: 219-224
- 314 Murray JA, Rubio-Tapia A, van Dyke CT et al. Mucosal atrophy in celiac disease: extent of involvement, correlation with clinical presentation, and response to treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6: 186-193
- 315 Horoldt BS, McAlindon ME, Stephenson TJ et al. Making the diagnosis of coeliac disease: is there a role for push enteroscopy?. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 16: 1143-1146
- 316 Ravelli A, Bolognini S, Gambarotti M et al. Variability of histologic lesions in relation to biopsy site in gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 177-185
- 317 Petroniene R, Dubcenco E, Baker JP et al. Given capsule endoscopy in celiac disease: evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 685-694
- 318 Hopper AD, Sidhu R, Hurlstone DP et al. Capsule endoscopy: an alternative to duodenal biopsy for the recognition of villous atrophy in coeliac disease?. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39: 140-145
- 319 Lidums I, Cummins AG, Teo E. The role of capsule endoscopy in suspected celiac disease patients with positive celiac serology. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56: 499-505
- 320 Rondonotti E, Spada C, Cave D et al. Video capsule enteroscopy in the diagnosis of celiac disease: a multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 1624-1631
- 321 Adler SN, Jacob H, Lijovetzky G et al. Positive coeliac serology in irritable bowel syndrome patients with normal duodenal biopsies: Video capsule endoscopy findings and HLA-DQ typing may affect clinical management. J Gastrointest Liver Dis 2006; 15: 221-225
- 322 Kurien M, Evans KE, Aziz I et al. Capsule endoscopy in adult celiac disease: a potential role in equivocal cases of celiac disease?. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77: 227-232
- 323 Tursi A. Endoscopic diagnosis of celiac disease: what is the role of capsule endoscopy?. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 381
- 324 Daum S, Wahnschaffe U, Glasenapp R et al. Capsule endoscopy in refractory celiac disease. Endoscopy 2007; 39: 455-458
- 325 Atlas DS, Rubio-Tapia A, van Dyke CT et al. Capsule endoscopy in nonresponsive celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 1315-1322
- 326 Joyce AM, Burns DL, Marcello PW et al. Capsule endoscopy findings in celiac disease associated enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Endoscopy 2005; 37: 594-596
- 327 Mooney PD, Evans KE, Singh S et al. Treatment failure in coeliac disease: a practical guide to investigation and treatment of non-responsive and refractory coeliac disease. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2012; 21: 197-203
- 328 Maiden L, Elliott T, McLaughlin SD et al. A blinded pilot comparison of capsule endoscopy and small bowel histology in unresponsive celiac disease. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54: 1280-1283
- 329 Hadithi M, Al-toma A, Oudejans J et al. The value of double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with refractory celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 987-996
- 330 Tomba C, Elli L, Bardella MT et al. Enteroscopy for the early detection of small bowel tumours in at-risk celiac patients. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46: 400-404
- 331 Van Weyenberg SJ, Meijerink MR, Jacobs MA et al. MR enteroclysis in refractory celiac disease: proposal and validation of a severity scoring system. Radiology 2011; 259: 151-161